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The diagnostic category pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), as opposed to specific developmental disorders (SDD), refers to a group of five disorders characterized by delays in the development of multiple basic functions including socialization and communication. The pervasive developmental disorders are pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), which includes atypical autism and is the most common; autism, the best-known, now understood to be part of a spectrum; Asperger syndrome; Rett syndrome; and childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD).〔National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) (October 2003) ''(Disability Info: Pervasive Developmental Disorders (FS20). )'' Fact Sheet 20 (FS20)〕 The first three of these disorders are commonly called the autism spectrum disorders; the last two disorders are much rarer, and are sometimes placed in the autism spectrum and sometimes not. The onset of pervasive developmental disorders occurs during infancy, but the condition is usually not identified until the child is around three years old. Parents may begin to question the health of their child when developmental milestones are not met, including age appropriate motor movement and speech production. There is a division among doctors on the use of the term PDD.〔 Many use the term PDD as a short way of saying PDD-NOS.〔 Others use the general category label of PDD because they are hesitant to diagnose very young children with a specific type of PDD, such as autism.〔 Both approaches contribute to confusion about the term, because the term PDD actually refers to a category of disorders and is not a diagnostic label.〔 ==Signs and symptoms== Symptoms of PDD may include behavioral and communication problems such as: * Difficulty using and understanding language * Difficulty relating to people, objects, and events; for example, lack of eye contact, pointing behavior, and lack of facial responses * Unusual play with toys and other objects * Difficulty with changes in routine or familiar surroundings * Repetitive body movements or behavior patterns, such as hand flapping, hair twirling, foot tapping, or more complex movements * Inability to cuddle or be comforted * Difficulty regulating behaviors and emotions, which may result in temper tantrums, anxiety, and aggression. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pervasive developmental disorder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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